Gary Totten (English) has published the article, "Edith Wharton's Island Ecologies and The Cruise of the Vanadis," in the journal Edith Wharton Review. Totten examines what readers learn about the U.S. writer Edith Wharton’s view of island ecosystems in her 1888 diary of her Aegean cruise, The Cruise of the Vanadis, when we approach the diary by way of recent environmental humanities and island studies frameworks. He argues that Wharton’s 1888 cruise is a formative moment in which her notions of island geography and related ideas about otherness — racial, cultural, and geopolitical — emerge. This burgeoning attention to the bioregional identity of place carries into the connections between characters and landscapes in her later fictional work.