Graham McGinnis (Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences) and alumnus Elias Malek (Integrated Health Sciences), along with colleagues from the University of Montana published a study titled, "The effect of acute sleep deprivation on inflammatory and oxidative stress responses to simulated wildland firefighting," in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. This study determined that reducing sleep from 8 hours to 4 hours for one night increased the perceived effort of simulated wildland firefighting, but did not exacerbate inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the cumulative effects of sustained short sleep are important to determine.