Nicole Koval and Kenneth Miller (both Political Science) published their article, "Gender and Attack Advertising in U.S. Senate Campaigns," in Sage Open. In this article the authors find that candidates running in for office today are attacked in campaigns based on the issues on which their parties have weaker reputations with voters. But candidates' gender no longer has any influence on which issues opponents use to attack them with negative campaign ads. This is a change from campaigns in the 1990's and early 2000's when gender stereotypes were more likely to affect on the issues used in campaign advertising against women running for legislative office.