Dan Lee (Political Science) published a co-authored article, "Permeable Boundaries: The Interplay between Major Party Primaries and Non-major Party Candidacies," in Party Politics. A theoretical model of candidate entry shows how competitive primary elections can funnel candidates to instead pursue the non-major party route onto the general election ballot. An empirical analysis of U.S. House elections from 2008 to 2018 finds evidence of this crowded primary ballot effect.
