Program outcomes are statements conveying the intent of a program of study. Specifically, program outcomes refer to what a student should know or be able to do at the end of a program. They are often seen as the knowledge and skills students will have obtained by the time they have received their intended degree. 

Functions of Program Outcomes

There are three functions of program outcomes:

  1. To provide direction for instruction
  2. To convey instructional intent to others
  3. To provide the basis for assessment

Program outcomes need to fit within the goals of the program and institution. Outcomes should be specific enough to guide coursework within the program, but also general enough to align with the institutional mission and fit into several courses within the program.

Evaluating Outcomes

There are several questions that should be asked in deciding whether an outcome is vital:

  • Is this outcome critical to the success of students in this program?
  • Does another outcome measure the same concept, or provide similar guidance?
  • Is the outcome aligned with program and institutional goals?
  • Would the program be impaired if this outcome was excluded?
  • Is it feasible to measure this outcome given resources, time, and methodologies?

Measuring Outcomes

Since program outcomes are evaluated, they need to be measurable. In other words, program outcomes need to be written in specific, and when possible, observable terms.

As an example, students may be expected to think critically. This statement is too broad to be measured. However students may be expected to:

  • detect if/then statement
  • identify stated and unstated assumptions
  • determine how new data may confirm a conclusion
  • project alternative hypotheses

These statements provide specific occurrences than can be measured.

Summary

To summarize, program outcomes are a small number of statements that explain what a student will know or be able to do when the program has been completed. Program outcomes are neither too specific, nor too general. These outcomes should be written to be specific and observable.