Winter Edition 1999 © 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS

See Through Symbols: The Case of Equivalent Expressions Carolyn Kieran and Anna Sfard

Middle Grade Teachers' Beliefs about Calculator Use: Pre-project and Two Years Later Mary Ellen Scmidt

Recent Developments of Primary School Teaching Materials and Methods for Japanese Hearing-and Speech-Impaired Students in Regular Mathemtatics Programs Shigekazu Yanagimoto

Developing Concepts of Mathematical Structure: Pre-Arithmetic Reasoning Versus Extended Arithmetic Reasoning Anne K. Morris