Winter Edition 2002 © 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction to Challenges to Reform Issue Jean Schmittau, FOCUS Editor, Binghamton University

Challenges to Reform: An Overview of the Study Roland G. Pourdavood, Cleveland State University Lawrence V. Svec, Lomond Elementary School Lynn M. Cowen, Lomond Elementary School

The Challenges of Instructional Leadership for School Renewal Roland G. Pourdavood, Cleveland State University Lawrence V. Svec, Lomond Elementary School Lynn M. Cowen, Lomond Elementary School

Authentic Assessment: A School's Interpretation Roland G. Pourdavood, Cleveland State University Lawrence V. Svec, Lomond Elementary School Lynn M. Cowen, Lomond Elementary School

Exploring the Evolving Nature of Three Elementary Preservice Teachers' Beliefs and Practices: Three Parallel Case Studies Timothy Harrington, Chicago State University Roland G. Pourdavood, Cleveland State University